Through enhanced rock weathering (ERW) deployments in Brazil and the United States, backed by renowned corporate giants like Google, Microsoft, and Frontier, and now the world's largest ERW platform following its acquisition of Eion Carbon, Terradot is turning geology into climate infrastructure. NCEC spoke with Rachel Miller, who’s focused on Business Operations and Communications at Terradot, to understand how.

Terradot at a Glance

Terradot was founded in 2022 by Stanford scientists and entrepreneurs, including CEO James Kanoff and co-founders Julia Sekula, Scott Fendorf and Sasankh Munukutla. It has raised $58 million from investors including Google, Microsoft's Climate Innovation Fund, John Doerr, and Sheryl Sandberg, and grown close to 80 professionals across two countries in just over (03) three years. Terradot sells verified carbon removal credits to buyers including Google, Microsoft, and the Stripe-backed buyer coalition Frontier, with combined contracts now exceeding 1.4 million tonnes, the largest contracted ERW portfolio in the market.

What Is Enhanced Rock Weathering?

ERW is an acceleration of one of Earth's oldest natural systems. Rachel Miller explained the science in plain terms:

“Rock weathering is earth’s naturally occurring carbon removal process that has been happening since the beginning of time. It occurs when certain types of silicate rocks break down. Carbon in rainwater reacts with the rock and is converted into a stable form of carbon called bicarbonate. That bicarbonate moves through the soil and into waterways, eventually reaching the ocean, where it can be stored for more than 10,000 years. What Terradot does is enhance this natural process, accelerating it from geologic timescales to a matter of years. Our technology’s focus is the optimization and the measurement of the removal. That’s how we turn a natural process into a measurable and scalable form of carbon removal that can help stabilize the temperature of the Earth.”

The process begins with mining byproducts. Terradot purchases rock feedstock from existing mining industries, crushes it into fine powder, and transports it to agricultural land within a close radius of the quarry, where the hot, humid environment accelerates the chemical reaction. Released minerals also offer farmers agronomic benefits, potentially offsetting fertiliser and lime costs.

Why Brazil? Building the World's First Nation-Scale ERW Hub

Terradot's flagship deployments are in Brazil, where it has spread basalt across thousands of hectares of farmland and is set for rapid expansion. Rachel explained why Brazil was the right starting point:

“Brazil is an ideal place to scale this technology because it has a large, established mining industry in close proximity to large-scale agriculture. It also has a relatively clean electric grid, which helps reduce the emissions associated with processing and grinding the rock, as well as transportation. Just as importantly, farmers in Brazil and other parts of the Global South have been applying different types of rock amendments to their fields for generations. So rather than introducing an entirely new practice, we can build on something farmers are already familiar with and simply change the type of rock they’re applying. That creates a much lower barrier to adoption.”

Terradot's strategic partnership with EMBRAPA, Brazil's foremost government agricultural research institution, gives access to prior ERW data and farmer networks. The company has also established its flagship Sentinel monitoring site in Brazil with Microsoft, tracking the full carbon pathway from basalt applied to fields, through soils and aquifers, to the stream, validating ERW at watershed level well beyond current certification requirements.

The Eion Acquisition: Building the Leading Global ERW Platform

In early 2026, Terradot acquired Eion Carbon, combining its basalt-based ERW in Brazil with Eion's olivine-based deployments in the United States. Rachel explained the strategic logic:

"What we get when we bring both companies together is one company with two operational bases, which come with years of operational know-how and deployment data. Our teams on the ground deeply understand the local laboratory infrastructure, farming practices, transportation networks, and the broader ecosystems in which we operate. By combining the expertise, the buyer portfolio, and the datasets, it makes Terradot the largest enhanced rock weathering company to date."

The combined platform holds more than 1.4M tonnes of contracted carbon removal and integrates Eion's R&D and MRV work, improving both scientific defensibility and future financeability of the company.

The Main Challenge: Measuring Carbon in an Open System

Unlike a factory or lab, ERW works across open fields, atmosphere, and water systems. As Rachel explained: “Our main challenge is the MRV, which is measurement, reporting and verification, so that we can confidently say we know one ton of carbon removal has been removed from the atmosphere through enhanced rock weathering. It takes a lot of scientific discipline and expertise to understand what variables to focus on and what evidence actually moves the needle and accounts for true carbon removal.” Terradot's MRV process follows a very systematic baseline-to-verification approach, governed by registries including Isometric and Puro.earth, with independent third-party auditors verifying compliance before any credit is issued to a buyer.

The Viability of the Market: From Tech Giants to Regulated Markets

The current market, as Rachel described it, is mostly made up of hyper scaling tech companies with ambitious 2030 climate targets, alongside the Stripe-organised buyer coalition Frontier. Financial institutions and hard-to-abate sectors such as aviation are also increasingly active buyers. Looking ahead, the EU, Japan, Canada, and the UK are all developing regulated carbon market frameworks that Rachel said could create significant additional demand for carbon removal as they scale.

Farmer Enrolment: Partnership on the Ground

“Participation is entirely voluntary. Our land sourcing and farmer engagement teams work directly with farmers to explain the program, understand their priorities, and determine whether the project is a good fit for their operations. From there, farmers can choose whether to enroll their fields. We’ve seen strong interest from farmers in Brazil, particularly in sustainable and innovative agricultural practices. Farmers are thoughtful business owners who are looking for ways to improve the productivity and resilience of their operations, and many are interested in exploring new approaches alongside partners like Terradot.”

Farmers receive compensation for the climate impact generated on their land, along with technical support to make adoption viable. In addition, farmers benefit from improved soil health through the agronomic benefits of rock application, while contributing to verifiable climate action.

The Value of the New Carbon Economy Consortium (NCEC)

"I think groups like NCEC really help because we are building a new technology, but we are also building a new market, a new supply chain, and a new shared concept of the value of carbon. That is not something one company or one person can do alone. Spaces like the New Carbon Economy Consortium, in bringing together suppliers, buyers, scientists, policymakers, and academics, are really starting to build a shared knowledge and discussion on how to advance this space."

Reflecting on over three years of watching ERW fast grow from a niche concept to mainstream climate technology, Rachel noted that what lies ahead is a policy challenge: getting policymakers and constituents to understand , participate in and endorse ERW so it can be included in the regulated markets that will define the next phase of the industry's growth.

About Rachel Miller and Terradot

Founded in 2022 by Stanford scientists and entrepreneurs, Terradot is the leading Enhanced Rock Weathering (ERW) platform, with deployments across Brazil and the United States. The company has raised $58 million from investors including Google, Microsoft, Gigascale Capital and individual backers including Sheryl Sandberg, John Doerr, and George Roberts. Terradot has signed committed offtake agreements with buyers including Google, Frontier, Microsoft, JP Morgan, and more. The company has issued Isometric certified credits under the Enhanced Weathering in Agriculture protocol as well as Puro certified credits from its US operations following the 2026 acquisition of Eion. Terradot’s science team, led by co-founder Professor Scott Fendorf in the Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability, includes leading geochemists and soil scientists whose work underpins Terradot’s approach to MRV and deployment optimization. Terradot is targeting 1 million tonnes of CO2 removal annually by 2035.

For more information, visit terradot.earth  Watch: ERW Explainer Video  Read: Washington Post Feature and WSJ Acquisition Story  Media: media@terradot.earth